改性腐殖酸对染料甲基紫的吸附研究

[目的]研究改性腐殖酸对甲基紫的吸附特性。[方法]以甲基紫染料为例,研究改性腐殖酸对有机染料废水的吸附特性,同时考察温度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、离子强度对吸附的影响。[结果]酸性条件有利于改性腐殖酸吸附甲基紫。随着吸附时间的延长,改性腐殖酸对甲基紫的吸附量增加,24 h后,吸附作用基本达到平衡。随着温度的升高,吸附量增加,腐殖酸对甲基紫的吸附是吸热反应。随着离子强度的增加,吸附量呈下降趋势。当改性腐殖酸的用量为0.8 g时,其对甲基紫的去除率达98.34%。25℃下,改性腐殖酸对甲基紫的吸附用Frendlich方程拟合效果最佳。[结论]改性腐殖酸对甲基紫具有很好的吸附作用,在染料工业废水处理中具有一定的应用价值。     

Extension of fresh-cut “Blanquilla” pear (Pyrus communis L.) shelf-life by 1-MCP treatment after harvest

‘Blanquilla’ pears processed as fresh-cut products are highly sensitive to browning and softening. Common postharvest methods, such as the use of antibrowning compounds and/or modified atmosphere packaging, fail to preserve ‘Blanquilla’ pear slices long enough to be marketable. However, treatment with 1-MCP before cutting and peeling considerably improved their textural properties (9.2 N vs. 1.1 N with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and color (a* values of 1 vs. 5 after 15 d at 4 °C, for slices pear treated with 1-MCP and without treatment, respectively). These positive changes were closely related to a decrease in respiratory activity determined on whole pears after 3 months of storage in air at 0 ± 1 °C and 95% R.H. (0.40 ± 0.05 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 0.77 ± 0.04 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and ethylene production (1.18 ± 0.36 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 5.751 ± 1.12 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for samples treated with and without 1-MCP, respectively). The use of 1-MCP allows fresh-cut ‘Blanquilla’ pears to be sold up to about 5 d after processing. Treatment with 1-MCP could be a viable alternative to common technologies for extending the shelf-life of ‘Blanquilla’ pears as a fresh-cut product.     

用Penman-Monteith方法与Penman修正算法计算参照作物腾发量的比较

利用阿克苏地区1975-2004年的逐日气象资料,分别采用Penman—Monteith公式与Penman修正公式计算了新疆农一师灌区的参照作物腾发量及其辐射项和空气动力项的逐日均值和旬日均值,比较了2种计算方法的绝对偏差和相对偏差,并对引起偏差的原因进行了分析。     

吸附法除磷研究进展

磷是造成水体富营养化的重要因子,也是废水处理领域较难解决的问题之一,环境矿物质对磷具有优越的吸附性能,而且储量丰富、成本低廉,在废水处理领域有广阔的应用前景。就环境矿物质对磷吸附研究的现状和发展进行了分析和介绍。     

Cold storage of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flowers

Oil rose flowers were stored at 0 °C in four different packaging materials [plastic box + stretch film (PB + SF), Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and polyethylene (PE)] for 60 days. During storage, weight loss, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages, petal color and sensorial attributes were investigated besides essential oil content and composition. Storage duration and packages had significant (p < 0.01) effects on weight loss. At the end of storage, the lowest weight loss was in PE package (1.696%) whereas the highest weight loss was in Xtend^® (10.081%). The essential oil content was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by storage duration and packages. In addition, the essential oil contents obtained from all packages for a storage period of 10 days and the essential oil contents obtained from unstored (control) petals were included in the same group. At the end of storage, the essential oil contents decreased by 91.3, 57.7, 80.0 and 64.3% in PB + SF, Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and PE packages, respectively as compared to control. In addition, storage duration and package types significantly (p < 0.01) affected petal color, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages and sensorial scores. The concentration of citronellol, a main component of rose oil, increased in all packages during storage of 10 days in comparison to the control group while it varied in other storage durations and package types. However, nerol and geraniol were lower than the control group during storage while concentrations of nonadecane, heneicosane and eicosane were higher. In conclusion, loss of oil yield and quality, due to various reasons and particularly due to fermentation in oil rose from the harvest of petals to their distillation, can be minimized with storage of petals in all package types for up to 10 days.     

气调保鲜袋对香蕉采后品质及生理生化的影响

以天宝香蕉为试材,研究了贮藏温度、气调保鲜袋厚度和乙烯吸收剂用量对保鲜效果的影响,结果表明,采用25℃＋0．015mm气调保鲜袋＋乙烯吸收剂（其用量为果实鲜重的0．8％）处理的香蕉保鲜效果最佳,腐烂率低,色泽风味好,与对照（25℃＋PE保鲜袋＋乙烯吸收剂）相比,可延迟果实后熟软化,延缓果实乙烯释放量和呼吸强度的增加速度,并抑制果皮细胞膜透性和过氧化酶（POD）活性,从而延长香蕉的贮藏期。、     

魔芋叶片中4种总RNA提取方法的比较

本研究分别利用TRIzol法、异硫氰酸胍法、改良的CTAB法及试剂盒这4种方法提取魔芋叶片的总RNA,并用紫外光谱和琼脂糖凝胶电泳对各个提取效果进行鉴定。反复试验的结果表明:TRIzol法难以提取魔芋叶片总RNA,异硫氰酸胍法提取的总RNA浓度低、杂质较多且有部分降解,这两种方法不适宜用于魔芋叶片总RNA提取;试剂盒方法提取的总RNA产率和纯度较高,但稳定性差、成功率低且成本较高;改良的CTAB法利用PVP和β-巯基乙醇去除酚类物质,水饱和酚-氯仿去除蛋白质,醋酸钾去除多糖,该方法提取得到的总RNA的纯度较高,OD260/OD280值为1.893,而且效果稳定,有良好的可重复性。因此,我们认为改良的CTAB法是一种简便、快速且经济的提取魔芋叶片总RNA的方法。     

不同吸附剂对生物质气化焦油去除效果的影响

[目的]研究有效去除生物质气化焦油的方法。[方法]选用不同的吸附剂,比较吸附剂去除生物质气化焦油的去除效果。[结果]结果表明,锯末吸附法具有原料经济易得、操作方便、吸附率高等优点,有较高的实用价值和推广应用性。[结论]该研究结果为有效地去除生物质气化焦油提供理论指导。     

论生态伦理视域下的转基因食品

摘要：转基因食品面世十几年来,由于存在潜在的风险,引起了诸多争议,同时阻碍了基因工程技术的健康发展。本文在介绍各方争论内容的基础上,从生态伦理学角度出发,探讨了人类对待转基因食品的方式,旨在唤起我们对转基因食品的正视,使转基因食品更好地造福于人类。     

沸石的有机改性及其对苯酚的吸附机制研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)对人造沸石进行了改性,并研究了其对苯酚吸附性能.结果表明:将人造沸石用于处理含酚废水,必须先活化;活化沸石对CTMAB的吸附等温线类似于Langmuir型吸附;改性条件为:20℃,质量浓度为5 g/L的CTMAB溶液,间歇振荡24 h.改性沸石对水中苯酚的吸附规律较好的符合Henry吸附等温式,吸附作用机制为苯酚在沸石表面的有机相和溶液中的分配及双分子层正电性表面与苯酚之间的静电吸附作用.温度升高,吸附量减少.